Viscose is an artificial fiber because it comes from a wood pulp or cellulose processing process. Unlike conventional viscose found in conventional clothing and fast fashion items, the viscose used in sustainable clothing is made from wood from sustainably grown trees, that is, without the use of pesticides, and from FSC certified forests. Sustainable viscose can be obtained by processing a single type of wood from a certain type of tree (beech, eucalyptus, bamboo, castor oil which become modal, lyocell, bamboo viscose...) or by processing different types of cellulose together. In the case of conventional viscose, the problem lies in the method of cultivation and processing of the raw material. In fact, very often actual deforestation occurs which causes the destruction of entire environmental and animal ecosystems or, depending on the raw material, there are intensive crops which use pesticides and herbicides. But above all, to obtain wood cellulose, harmful and polluting chemical substances are used, such as caustic soda, sulfuric acid, with which the wood is macerated until a viscous material is obtained, and hydrogen sulfide that will be used in the spinning process. These substances, in addition to seriously harming workers, are naturally dispersed into the environment through untreated wastewater discharges, contaminating lakes and waterways with very serious environmental consequences. The result is a textile fiber that has a natural and vegetal origin but that, being treated with such strong chemical substances, does not maintain any of its initial characteristics, rather it absorbs chemical substances and is highly polluting. In fast fashion, moreover, viscose is very often mixed with polyester.
Sustainable viscose, on the other hand, in addition to having a controlled and certified origin of the raw material, also has a manufacturing process that is environmentally friendly and less polluting. The factories that work viscose are in fact equipped with wastewater treatment plants so that they do not pollute the environment.
Viscose is a textile fibre with a very shiny appearance, similar to silk, it is soft and breathable and on the skin it is very comfortable and usually considered a summer fabric even if it can also be worn in winter, despite not having a great capacity for thermoregulation.
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